Monthly Archives: آبان 1402

HLA typing HLA typing or determining the type of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) includes molecular or serological typing of blood leukocytes to determine HLA-A, -B, -C (MHC class I) and HLA- DR, DP, DQ (MHC class II). In fact, HLA typing is a process that identifies HLA molecules expressed on the surface of cells in […]

Driver mutations are mutations that play a fundamental role in activating signaling pathways in cells and lead to clinical changes in diseases. Patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) have driver mutations in JAK2, MPL, or CALR genes, which activate the thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR) and downstream signaling pathways. JAK2 mutation is associated with permanent activation of TPOR, […]

FLT3 (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3) is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein called FLT3, which is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs) family of proteins. FLT3 is a cytokine receptor that belongs to the class III receptor tyrosine kinase and is expressed on the surface of many hematopoietic precursor cells. […]

The CEBPA (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha) gene encodes a protein of the same name that is important for regulating the differentiation of blood cells. This protein is a transcription factor that binds to specific regions of DNA and helps control the activity of specific genes that play a role in the growth and development of certain […]

 PML-RAR is a unique subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) called acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In this disease, promyelocytic cells (immature white blood cells) are overproduced and accumulate in the bone marrow. APL is caused by a genetic fusion between two genes, PML and RAR, forming a fusion gene called PML-RAR. Translocation (chromosomal displacement) between […]

BCR-ABL test is a genetic test used to diagnose certain blood cancers. In this test, the presence of the BCR-ABL gene sequence on chromosome 22 is examined, which helps diagnose this type of cancer. Additionally, this test is used to monitor treatment effectiveness and diagnose cancer recurrence. BCR-ABL is actually an abnormal gene sequence that […]

NPM1 protein (Nucleophosmin 1) is involved in several cellular processes including centrosome proliferation, chaperone role (stabilization of misfolded proteins), and cell proliferation. The produced phosphoprotein shuttles between the nucleus, nucleus and cytoplasm in the process of chaperone ribosomal proteins and histones from the nucleus nucleus to the cytoplasm. This protein also sequesters the tumor suppressor […]

Janus kinase 2 (commonly called JAK2) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. The JAK2 gene provides instructions for making a protein that causes cells to grow and divide (multiply). This protein is part of a signaling pathway called the JAK/STAT pathway, which transmits chemical signals from the outside of the cell to the cell nucleus. The […]

From a medical point of view, the word chimera is used to define an individual in which there is a population of cells from genetically different individuals. This phenomenon can occur spontaneously, such as embryo-to-embryo transfer or embryo-to-mother transfer, or artificially in the case of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation  (HSCT).  The success of allogeneic […]